Common drugs toxicity and its antidote (Pictures)

Assalamualaikum, Ni hao, Konnichiwa,

Here are some mechanism of toxicity with pictures that I have done previously. So, i would like to share here for easier reference to me of course!! These are the common drugs - abused or accidentally overdose.  Most of the picture here show the mechanism of action (MOA). Toxicity happens when the drug is taken in larger doses than the required doses. Therefore, the drug's effect do exaggerate.

1. Benzodiazepine  
+ Used as sedatives, anxiolytic, seizures, and muscle relaxant
+ Example of drugs are Diazepam (Valium), Midazolam, Alprazolam
+ MOA : Enhance GABA effect
+ Antidote : Flumazenil

 

2. Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) 
+ Used as antidepressant
+ Example of drug is Amitriptyline, Desipramine, Nortriptyline.
+ MOA : Increase levels of norepinephrine and serotonin
+ Antidote : Sodium bicarbonate

3. Isoniazid 
+ Used for Tuberculosis
+ May cause fatal liver damage
+ MOA : Anti-mycobacterial
+ Antidote : Pyridoxine /Vit B6

4. Iron 
+ Used for anemia
+ There are two types of iron which is ionic and non-ionic
+ Antidote for toxicity is Desferrioxamine
+ CPG Iron Poisoning

5. Digoxin 
+ Used for heart failure and atrial fibrillation (AF)
+ MOA : inhibits the Na-K-ATPase membrane pump --> Increase intracellular sodium
+ Antidote : DigiBind

6. Paracetamol
+ Used for fever and mild pain reliever
+ Max doses is 8g per day.
+ Antidote : N-acetylcysteine

Ok, even though its only 6 of them, try to remember ok. So, its easy to add up more information after this. I cannot sit in front of the laptop for a long time. Easily get dizzy and tsukareta~~~~ dont know why...

Jaane~